Research group · University of Verona

Scando-lab

We study how minds represent bodies, choices and possible futures—using rigorous statistics, Bayesian models and open practices to connect cognitive science with questions that matter beyond the laboratory.

Bayesian by design Models that make assumptions, uncertainty and prior information explicit.
Human in focus Body cognition, neuropsychology, life transitions and environmental emotion.
Open in practice Transparent workflows, reusable methods and research designed to be scrutinised.

Our perspective

Better questions need visible assumptions.

Scando-lab is led by Michele Scandola, Associate Professor of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience in the Department of Human Sciences at the University of Verona. Our work crosses methodological and disciplinary borders without losing sight of the people represented by the data.

We connect statistical reasoning with research on body representations, pain, neuropsychological assessment, young people not in education, employment or training, eco-emotions and neurodivergence. The common thread is simple: careful measurement, explicit uncertainty and knowledge that others can inspect and build upon.

Research themes

One lab, connected questions.

From formal models to lived experience, our programmes examine how cognition is shaped by prior knowledge, bodily signals, executive functions and social or environmental context.

01

Statistics and Bayesian inference

We develop, test and disseminate statistical approaches for cognitive science and neuropsychology. Current work includes Bayesian and frequentist mixed models, complex experimental designs, single-case inference, reliability and reproducible analysis.

02

The body as a Bayesian construction

How do prior expectations and sensory evidence combine to produce body ownership, spatial experience, pain and action? We study body representations as dynamic inferences—continually updated by the brain in health and after neurological change.

03

NEET and life transitions

Research with young people not in education, employment or training examines how personality, executive functions and cognitive-motivational processes relate to employability, participation and pathways back into opportunity.

04

Eco-emotions and action

We investigate how emotions about environmental change interact with executive functions, decision-making, wellbeing and pro-environmental behaviour—at both individual and collective levels.

05

Neurodivergences

Our emerging programme focuses on fair cognitive assessment and the mechanisms that can obscure neurodivergence, including gender bias. We aim for careful measurement, inclusive research questions and clinically meaningful interpretation.

Open science

Rigor is a shared practice.

Open science is not an appendix to our research. It shapes how questions are formulated, analyses are documented and results are communicated. We support research cultures in which methods, uncertainty and limitations are visible—and where reusable tools can travel further than a single paper.

  • Transparent analysis plans, code and materials whenever ethically and legally possible.
  • Statistical education that builds understanding, not ritualised software use.
  • Robust workflows that welcome checking, replication and constructive correction.

People

The team behind the questions.

Scando-lab brings together neuropsychology, quantitative methods and emerging research on social and environmental transitions.

Michele Scandola

Principal Investigator · Associate Professor

Neuropsychologist and quantitative researcher studying body and space representations, statistical methodology, neuropsychological instruments, NEET-related executive functions and gender bias in neurodivergence.

University profile

Martina Pastorelli

Ph.D. candidate · Human Sciences

Martina studies NEET and employability, with particular attention to personality structure and executive functioning, and how these dimensions can inform routes towards participation in the labour market.

University profile

Anna Laura Vlad

Ph.D. candidate · Human Sciences

Anna Laura investigates eco-emotions and their relationship with pro-environmental behaviour, executive functions and decision-making, connecting environmental responsibility with individual and collective wellbeing.

University profile

Riccardo Tosi

Intern · Student of Psychology and Computer Science

Riccardo is involved in a project to embody neuro-typical participants in neuro-divegent experiences through virtual-reality based simulations.

University profile

Jorge Trevisani

Intern · Student of Psychology

Jorge is involved in a project studying the effects of climiate change in emotions and executive functions.

University profile

Selected publications

Evidence, organised by question.

A curated route through the publications most closely connected to Scando-lab's current programmes. Use the filters to move between methodological and body-related work.

Methods
2026

Complex Random Intercepts in Bayesian Linear Mixed Models for fully crossed experimental designs

M. Scandola & E. Tidoni · Zenodo preprint · Version 1

Body
2026

Differential interference of body- and non-body-related representational conflicts on error and performance monitoring in flanker tasks

G. Fusco, M. Scandola and colleagues · Scientific Reports

Pain
2025

How pain and body representations transform each other: A narrative review

M. Beccherle & M. Scandola · Journal of Neuropsychology, 19(S1), 26–41

Pain
2025

Pain and the perception of space in fibromyalgia

M. Scandola, M. Beccherle and colleagues · Scientific Reports, 15, 692

Methods
2024

Reliability and Feasibility of Linear Mixed Models in Fully Crossed Experimental Designs

M. Scandola & E. Tidoni · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science

Embodiment
2024

Topographic mapping of the sensorimotor qualities of empathic reactivity: A psychophysiological study in people with spinal cord injuries

M. Scandola and colleagues · Psychophysiology

Methods
2026

Single case analysis in neuropsychology: an Empirical Bayesian perspective

M. Scandola & S. Makhloufi · PsyArXiv preprint, version 1

Methods
2021

Bayesian Multilevel Single Case Models using Stan: A new tool to study single cases in neuropsychology

M. Scandola & D. Romano · Neuropsychologia, 156, 107834

Contact

A question is a good place to start.

For research collaborations, supervision enquiries, methodological exchange or information about Scando-lab, contact Michele Scandola at the University of Verona.

michele.scandola@univr.it +39 045 802 8407 Department of Human Sciences · University of Verona
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